Mirip selingan, tetapi tetap membutuhkan education-innovation, berikut ini kita bisa melihat pembangkit listrik dengan memanfaatkan kotoran ternak :
... the new Liaoning Huishan Cow Farm, which, once completed, will become world’s largest biogas project based on cow manure. The manure from the 250,000 cows at the Huishan farm, located in Shenyang, China, will be converted into biogas and is expected to produce 38,000 MWh a year through four GE JMS420 Jenbacher gas engines. The energy generated will be sold to the state grid in China. One of the features of the project is the utilization of fuel circulation. In addition to the use of biogas for power generation, the liquid (residual from biogas production) will be used to nourish the grass in the pasture, and the solid waste can be sold as organic fertilizer, thus the surrounding land will become a base for organic agriculture. ...
Dalam beberapa postingan berikut kita akan mengikuti info mengenai
pembangkit listrik tenaga sampah di China.
Berikut ini ada analisa yang menarik untuk kita baca :
Current Situation Analysis of China's garbage power generation industry
Posted:2008-9-10 15:17:00
Spoiler
Abstract garbage power generation industry in the presence of great economic and environmental benefits of waste present, China's power generation industry, there are many obstacles, requiring a multifaceted effort to promote the garbage power generation industry in China and healthy development.
Key words status of garbage power generation industry, barriers to response
As a product of human impact on the environment, garbage is both a source of pollution, but also a kind of social wealth. "Garbage power generation" is to refuse through special craft processing, and utilization, which is characterized by reduction is good, sound a high degree of anti-pollution thoroughly and have a certain economic returns. The study found that 2 tons of garbage generated by burning calories, the equivalent of 1 ton of coal combustion energy can be converted into electricity through the generators. Some experts predict that the 21st century will be a garbage power generation and solar power, wind power on a par pollution-free new energy.
First, China's current status of garbage power generation
In China since 1985, the establishment of waste incineration power plant in Shenzhen has been successively in Zhuhai, Hangzhou, Shanghai, Shaoxing, built in 15 cities in 20 waste incineration plants and put into operation, while the daily burning of 1,000 tons of garbage power generation planning cities there are dozens of much, according to statistics of China's present, China completed, under construction have been submitted for garbage power plant has been more than 140.
1 and Shenzhen. Shenzhen Municipal sanitation for the integrated treatment plant is China's first modern garbage plant. The plant, started in 1984, put into operation in 1988, a project built with two imported inclined backstepping reciprocating grate waste incineration boilers, 5OOkW a generator, waste disposal capacity 2x150t / d. The second phase expansion of third Taiwan waste incineration boilers, plus a new 4000kW generator sets, garbage handling capacity increased to 3x150t / d, annual power output 022.7 million kWh. Then invest 090 million yuan into Center City, Longgang District, a comprehensive sanitation treatment plant to dispose of refuse on 600 tons of installed capacity of 12000 kW. Subsequently Shenzhen are investment 4 million yuan to build greater capacity, more advanced technology tiger pit waste incineration power plant, a project on waste disposal of 600 tons. Shenzhen Nanshan Power Station on garbage processing 800 tons of garbage, the annual power generation capacity 090 million kWh.
2, Beijing. Beijing Chaoyang green plant is the largest garbage power plant in China. The plant was completed by the end of 2002, a total investment of 680 million yuan, the installation of two imported grate furnace, a Taiwan 25000 kW generators, each day 1,300 tons of garbage incineration, the annual power generation 136 million kWh. 2 completed by the end of 2005. Added a 300t / d processing capacity, the installation of 22000 kW generator, annual power output increased to 225 million kWh,. In addition, the Beijing planning to build another four garbage power plant, are used foreign equipment, about 2 billion yuan investment.
3, Shanghai. Shanghai Pudong Mihashi garbage power plant is the first day dealing with more than 1000 tons of large-scale modern garbage power plant, with a total investment 6.7 billion yuan, with 3 sets of 350t incineration furnace, use imported from France inclined reciprocating grate ladder, with two sets of 8500kW generators, 120-150 million cubic meters a day to handle garbage generated by city residents, an annual online sales of electricity 110 million kWh. According to Shanghai's plan, the proposed 11 garbage power plant in the future.
Second, the obstacles facing the development of the industry
1, garbage power generation cost of the more difficult. Garbage power generation income mainly comes from selling electricity income and the government returned the refuse disposal fee, the cost of garbage power generation mainly from the waste disposal costs and generating operating costs. At present, China faces a number of waste incineration power plant does not receive waste disposal fees and the dual pressures of the low electricity price. And garbage fees in the standard all over the country are inconsistent, it is understood, Shanghai Power waste disposal fee is 240 yuan / ton, Jiangsu, 100 yuan / ton or less, Jinan is 78 yuan / ton, local non-uniform standards of waste disposal costs makes the garbage power generation market, the situation appeared quite a mixed bag. Not only that, many urban residents is also non-collection of garbage fees. In addition, as our country does not implement separate collection of garbage, most of the low calorific value of garbage, garbage incineration need to add a lot of fuel combustion, so that a substantial increase in the cost of waste disposal and power generation, the investment has been affected. In the Internet price of electricity, compared to developed countries, China's Internet is not only low price, but the standard is also inconsistent across, the more the lower north, Shenzhen is 0.7 yuan / degrees, Jiangsu is 0.527 yuan / kWh, is only 0.39 yuan in Shandong / degree. Waste disposal fees and access the dual pressures of the low price, causing domestic garbage power generation business is currently built, many of which are caught in the storm costs and subsidies, economic common good.
Reposted elsewhere in the paper for free download http://www.hi138.com
2, garbage power generation need preferential treatment. Garbage power generation industry in many developed countries abroad, an important reason for the rapid development that the Government continued efforts to increase policy support and subsidies. This is because the waste disposal and waste incineration power generation, the environmental and social accountability are two benefits of social welfare undertakings, is the Administrative part of it. In this concept, these countries have a garbage power plant in support of the Government, the enterprise's economic risk is low. In many parts of our country, although the promotion of garbage power generation industries, and provides support for environmental protection enterprises, in fact it is not the implementation details, the lack of adequate policy support, only some of the subsidies, preferential policies, but also difficult to implement State Administration of Taxation relief Directory is also no income tax garbage power generation business, garbage power plant to pay a variety of tax burden, the burden of heavier, which is China's development of garbage power generation industry over the past 20 years, hardly an important reason for the rapid development.
3, garbage has yet to be a breakthrough technology for power generation. Waste incineration power generation will produce a by-product of dioxin, which is the World Health Organization called "the most toxic carcinogens," great harm to human health. At present the majority can not afford to waste incineration plant processing, environmental protection department of the hardware and software conditions are not enough, monitoring can not be put in place, and some garbage power plants do not even for testing. There are facilities and equipment, the domestic equipment levels, compared with the developed countries are lagging far behind the burning device core equipment needs imported from abroad, especially the large-capacity equipment localization rate is very low, resulting in operating cost was too high, and increase the burden of garbage power plant.
Third, the future development of countermeasures
1, waste generation should not be one-sided pursuit of industrialization. The fundamental purpose of garbage power generation is a comprehensive waste disposal and to prevent a contamination. Refuse volume reduction and conversion to energy is the outstanding advantages of waste incineration power generation, but this is not the focus of this work. If you refuse a one-sided pursuit of power and economic benefits of industrialization will not only cause a pollution and waste disposal will be severely affected by industrial development. China's garbage power generation currently running the 1999 introduction of the municipal solid waste incinerator pollution control standards, the standard roughly equivalent to the age of 70 developed countries in the last century, the level of pollution control. Nevertheless, the majority of China's existing incineration plant are lower than the requirements of this standard. In this context, the absence of certain financial and technical support, just blindly build waste incineration power plant, one-sided pursuit of high economic efficiency, is bound to cause serious environmental pollution problems. Thus, throughout the construction of waste incineration plants must be comprehensive consideration of various factors, be careful to do this, take the opportunity to prevent small thermal power project launched.
2 and improve relevant laws and policies garbage power generation. The developed countries have their own garbage for power generation has developed a corresponding preferential policies can be said that worldwide, there is no preferential treatment and a variety of subsidies, waste generation is difficult industrialization. No policy to "ferment", rubbish can not produce "The Butterfly Effect." China should expedite the development of power plants and garbage-related laws, regulations and related design, manufacturing procedures, norms. Only clear the waste separation and recovery approaches and implementation, in order for the harmless disposal of garbage to create a good condition. Only by clearly articulating the corresponding design, manufacturing specifications, standards and a variety of investment, taxes, subsidies and other policies, waste generation in order to go towards a standardized track, chase for domestic and foreign capital, the "golden" and not lose money "burden", the relevant manufacturing of equipment and can follow-up, thus promoting the industry as a whole, orderly and healthy development.
3, China's waste breakthrough technology to have the whole. China's waste incineration power generation emission standards currently being implemented in developed countries with relatively low compared to the level of pollution control, with the increasing environmental requirements for cleaner burning process is bound to have higher requirements. Therefore, our nation must develop waste incineration power generation, we must increase the technical equipment suited to national conditions, the research and development efforts as soon as possible to improve the level of pollution control of waste incineration, so that waste incineration truly harmless. Currently some institutions of higher learning (such as Peking University, Tsinghua University, Zhejiang University), scientific research institutions (such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences), environmental companies have already conducted a waste incineration treatment technology research and development, has achieved some results, and some have been translated into practical productive forces .
Berikut ini berita mengenai pembangkit listrik tenaga sampah di Shanghai :
Shanghai Garbage Power Plant Built
Spoiler
Shanghai has built China’s first refuse-derived processing power plant in order to treat over 1,000 tons of the cities garbage -- 1/14 of the daily amount produced by Shanghai’s urban and rural households.
The city plant processes 1,100 tons of refuse by incineration and creates power to supply 100,000 homes. What is environmentally successful is that the refuse is not buried in harmful landfills.
Situated at Yuqiao Industrial Zone in the Pudong New Area in Shanghai, the plant is 80,000 square meters and the result of a 670 million yuan (US$81.04 million) investment that supplied three refuse incinerators and two 8,500-kilowatt power turbine engines.
Approved by the Environmental Protection Bureau of Shanghai City, the plant has cutting edge imported facilities that began trials on September 20, 2002 with a daily production of 300,00-350,000 kilowatts.
The central work area of the plant is a multi-storied ivory colored building. The central controlling unit, housed on the third floor, has a rotational staff of 42 engineers working round the clock. The operational software for the plant was developed and installed by Chinese engineers.
The refuse is collected from a 12.5 meter dump that is near to the central unit and has a capacity to hold between 6-7,000 tons of garbage. All the refuse from the Pudong area is brought there after it has been compressed. Special equipment recycles 115 tons of sewage coming from the dump daily.
Before being incinerated, the refuse is dried in order to vaporize moisture. Then it is magnetized to eliminate metal that cannot be burnt before going on to the next stage.
Three refuse incinerators on the first floor of the central area can handle 15.2 tons of refuse each per hour. Observation windows allow the operators to view the incineration process.
The incinerators then heat water boilers up to temperatures of 400°C to propel two power turbine engines. The plant has produced 60.41 million kilo-watt-hours of electricity since December 2001.
“The most economical way to utilize heat is to provide heating for nearby households. It’s more profitable than generating power,” said Huang Zhaocheng, the general manager of the plant.
Dioxin fumes that normally come from burning refuse contain deadly substances or carcinogens. The World Health Organization is particularly scathing about the needless production of this gas. In the burning process, the dioxins can be synthesized. But the plant at Pudong has successfully rectified this problem. Zhang Yi, an expert with Urban Environmental Sanitation Association explains:
“The pollution level of the exhaust gas emitted by the plant is no higher than required environmental levels in the European Union (EU). The plant does two things to eliminate the gas. First, it raises the temperature of the furnace to 800°C, the critical point when dioxin automatically decomposes. Second, it uses active carbons to assimilate dioxin in the fumes.”
The use of multi-layer filters eliminates further gases and dust particles from escaping into the atmosphere. The plant has an 80-meter-high chimney that allows the fumes to appropriately be released. Analyzers in the chimney activate alarms when any excess toxin is produced. Dust particles and used active carbons are deeply buried after being treated with cements. About 252 tons of solid waste that the plant produces everyday are converted and re-produced into building materials.
A refuse-generated power plant such as this is significantly better for the environment than anything that came before. Clearly it helps to promote environmental care. Most of the 14,000 tons of domestic refuse produced in Shanghai everyday, as well as 15,000 tons of construction debris, ends up in the ground. Unfortunately, landfilled areas become uninhabitable, unconstrutable and no good for agriculture either, leaving only tree planting as an option.
It is suggested that the building of the plant has promoted environmental care at a local level. In order to successfully fuel the plant, refuse in the area was divided into types and although this took some time to work smoothly, the refuse is now never mixed.
Incineration has been chosen as the primary method of refuse disposal in developed countries and as such Shanghai is now planning the building of a second plant for Jiangqiao in Jiading and a biochemical refuse facility in Pudong. It is hoped that with all these facilities, the city will see a drop in environmental damage, in being able to treat 1/6 of the garbage it produces.
(解放军报 [PLA Daily], translated for china.org.cn by Chen Chao, February 20, 2002)
Berikut ini berita mengenai pembangkit listrik tenaga sampah di Shanghai :
Shanghai Garbage Power Plant Built
Yang berikut ini adalah berita ketika presiden SBY ke Shanghai pada tahun 2006
Minggu, 29/10/2006 04:33 WIB SBY Terkesima Tinjau Pembangkit Listrik Energi Sampah di Pudong
Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) mengunjungi Pudong City Heat Energy,
yang merupakan pembangkit listrik bersumber dari sampah.
Dalam peninjauan selama setengah jam itu, SBY tampak terkesima dengan keberhasilan Cina itu.
Presiden mengunjungi pengolahan sampah menjadi energi listrik ini pada Sabtu (28/10/2006),
dua jam sebelum mengakhiri lawatannya di Shanghai, Republik Rakyat Cina.
Dalam kunjungan selama setengah jam ini, SBY didampingi istri, para pejabat pemerintah, dan seluruh rombongan.
Pudong City Heat Energy terletak sekitar 50 KM dari jantung kota Shanghai.
Bangunan pabrik pengolahan sampah ini tampak asri, dipenuhi dengan pepohonan yang menghijau.
Bangunan tertata rapi, tidak kumuh. Seperti dilaporkan reporter detikcom Arifin Asydhad yang mengikuti lawatan Presiden ke Cina,
SBY tampak tertegun dan terkesima dengan penjelasan dari pimpinan Pudong City Heat Energy.
Berkali-kali Presiden SBY yang mengenakan jas warna hitam itu mengangguk-ngangguk dan terkadang bertanya
dan membandingkan dengan yang terjadi di Indonesia.
Pimpinan Pudong City Heat Energy menjelaskan bahwa pihaknya bisa menampung sekitar 1.100-1.200 ton sampah setiap harinya dari kota Sanghai.
Dengan volume sampah sedemikian besar, Pudong City Heat Energy dapat menghasilkan daya listrik sebesar 35.000 - 40.000 kwh.
Shanghai merupakan kota industri moderen dengan jumlah penduduk sekitar 20 juta.
Jumlah penduduk Cina seluruhnya sekitar 1,3 miliar, yang menjadi negara paling padat penduduk.
Wajar juga, bila 'produksi' sampah di kota yang tertata rapi ini juga besar.
Pudong City Heat Energy dikelola secara profesional.
Didirikan mulai Desember 1998 dengan nilai investasi 670 juta Yuan,
Pudong City Heat Energy merupakan perusahaan join venture antara Cina dengan negara lain, antara lain Italia.
Pengelolaan sampah di tempat ini dilakukan dengan teknologi tinggi.
Selain mendengarkan pemaparan dari pimpinan Pudong Heat Energy,
SBY juga melihat langsung bunker tempat pengolahan sampah menjadi tenaga listrik ini.
Untuk melihat bunker dari atas, SBY harus menaki anak tangga gedung ke lantai empat.
Di tempat pengolahan sampah ini, bau sampah memang agak tercium, tapi tidak terlalu menusuk.
Keterangan Foto: SBY saat meninjau Pudong City Heat Energi (atas),
tumpukan sampah di bunker Pudog City Heat Energy (bawah)
Bahkan pesawatnya di buat di Negara Cina. Bukan berarti teknologi yang kerja orang Cina. Tapi bagaimana Orang Amerika memanfaatkan
Upah buruh yang lebih murah di negara Cina. Karena keuletan orang-orang disana serta tawaran kerja borongan.
Kalo gak salah ingat waktu nonton filem 2012.... mereka berdiskusi untuk membuat bahtera besar seperti jaman Nabi Nuh dulu. Trus, ada yang nanya.... siapa yang mau buat bahtera besar itu.... Trus kalo gak salah ingat.... ada yang jawab.... untuk spesialis bangun yang gede-gede.... serahkan kepada ahlinya... CHINA....
Hahahhahahaha. Bahkan di filem 2012 yang buatan Amrik pun, mereka sangat realistis.... untuk urusan membangun sesuatu yang gede-gede.... serahkan ke China....
Kalo gak salah ingat waktu nonton filem 2012.... mereka berdiskusi untuk membuat bahtera besar seperti jaman Nabi Nuh dulu. Trus, ada yang nanya.... siapa yang mau buat bahtera besar itu.... Trus kalo gak salah ingat.... ada yang jawab.... untuk spesialis bangun yang gede-gede.... serahkan kepada ahlinya... CHINA....
Hahahhahahaha. Bahkan di filem 2012 yang buatan Amrik pun, mereka sangat realistis.... untuk urusan membangun sesuatu yang gede-gede.... serahkan ke China....
Dan jg tempat untuk mengeksploitasi buruh murah.
Sebenarnya membangun urusan yg gede2 itu menunjukan kehebatan di dalam urusan management/organisasi. Tidak mudah untuk mengatur banyak orang.
Sebenarnya untuk menghancurkan negara Amerika tidak saja dengan Negara Cina. Tapi bagaimana menjadi negara Cina agar tidak menjadi LINTAH Negara Amerika.
Dengan mengambil salah satu tokoh yang sangat berpengaruh di Negara tersebut yaitu Karl Mark. Tokoh sangat berpengaruh pemikirannya hampir sama dengan Karl Mark. Hanya saja beda Kubu.
Jadi keingat Perang dingin Amerika melawan Rusia pada tahun 1914. Karena kapan pun Rusia bisa menghancurkan Amerika.
Karena Karl Mark seorang Yahudi. Yang di anut pahamnya oleh negara Adikuasa sedangkan Lenin salah satu warga Rusia yang memberikan perubahan negara Rusia.
Karena yang harus saya satanyankan bagaimana membuat Lambang Bintang Israel menjadi sebuah Piramida Firaun.