[khafidtheabasers]

untuk Intermezzo sebelum berangkat pada pembahasan dinasti umayyah di Cordoba kita akan beralih sejenak pada perkembangan Musik Spanyol yang banyak dipengaruhi oleh kultur Mozarabic(Arab) saat itu


ditandai dengan tokoh Ziryab selaku penemu dan penyetandar dari pengaruh musik padang pasir yang erat dengan puisi2 arab(muaq'allat) kepada koltur musikalitas Spanyol





http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziryab

Legacy

The musical contributions of Ziryab alone are staggering, laying the early groundwork for classic Spanish music. Ziryab transcended music and style and became a revolutionary cultural figure in 8th and 9th century Iberia.

http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issu...mpilation..htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_...#Early_history



Gitar!

http://www.muslimheritage.com/topics...?ArticleID=399

Language evidence from the names of a wide list of instruments clearly establish their Arabic-Muslim origins. Names such as lute, rebec, guitar and naker are all derived from the Arabic Al-'ud, rabab, qitara and naqqara (table 1). Other names shawm and dulcayna were also derived from Arabic zamr and Al-zurna . Not only these instruments were themselves adopted and used but they also played a fundamental role in the evolution of European music as other "European" instruments were derived from them (table 2). The Al 'ud (Lute) for example was used extensively in Europe before it was transformed into other musical instruments including the guitar and mandolin. The Spanish and Portuguese gaita and the English waygh and bagpipes all derived from the Arabic ghaita.

http://www.muslimheritage.com/topics...?ArticleID=397

http://www.mail-archive.com/lute@cs..../msg01391.html

Further, I am just amazed at the level of musical thought occurring in Arab countries
during the West's "Medieval Era". There are many musical treatises (some translated in
part to english) that have changed my view of the western musical tradition. It seems
the west was more influenced by this strand of musical theory that Grout (and I dare
say Grove) could ever begin to mention. It's been a very enlightening investigation to
say the least.

I'm definetly not an expert on this by any means, just wanted to share what I have
found in a very short time. Hope this helps.

Gary Beckman

PS Here are a few english sources that may help:

PPS The first book has a few facsimiles of oud tablature from the 13th century. It's
beautiful to look at and provides a foil to a few ideas about the lute that we may all
share.....

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_...#Early_history

sampai pada periode Reconquista dalam usaha de-islamisasi rezim spanyol saat itu berupaya mengganti kultur tersebut dengan chant2 mozarabicGregorian sebagai

sacred music of the Christian church, but this obscure notation has not yet been deciphered by scholars, and exists only in small fragments. The music of the early medieval Christian church in Spain is known misleadingly as the "Mozarabic Chant". The chant developed in isolation prior to the Islamic invasion and was not subject to the Papacy's enforcement of the Gregorian chant as the standard chant around the time of Charlemagne, by which time the Muslim's had conquered most of the Iberian peninsula. As the Christian reconquista progressed, these chants were almost entirely replaced by the Gregorian standard, once Rome had regained control of the Iberian churches

hubungan Mozarabic chants dengan aliran2 yang sudah berkembang sebelumnya seperti Gregorian(mozarabic chants ini bisa disebut hasil asimilasi budaya musikalitas arab dengan aliran2 lain di eropa)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozarabic_Chant