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26th March 2011, 12:00 |
#2381
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Addict Member
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Quote:
O iya, sebenere sejak lama presiden China sudah tidak bertoleransi terhadap korupsi Hu Jintao: No tolerance to corruption October 15, 2007 The Communist Party of China (CPC) bears zero tolerance to corruption and the crackdown on it must be effectively strengthened, Hu Jintao said on Monday in his report to the 17th CPC National Congress. "The CPC never tolerates corruption or any other negative phenomena," said Hu on behalf of the 16th CPC Central Committee, stressing that "resolutely punishing and effectively preventing corruption is crucial to the popular support for the Party and its survival." Pointing out that fighting corruption will be a protracted, complicated and arduous battle, Hu called upon Party members to carry out the campaign in a comprehensive way, addressing both its symptoms and root cause and combining punishment with prevention. Resolutely cracking down on corruption, the Party should work harder to remove its root cause and take preventive measures through improving relevant institutions, Hu said. Since 2002 when the 16th CPC National Congress was convened, the Party has punished a large number of high-ranking officials, including former Shanghai Party Chief Chen Liangyu and China's former top statistician Qiu Xiaohua. Statistics show that more than 110,000 Party members were punished in 2005, accounting for 0.16 percent of all members. The number of being punished dropped to some 90,000 last year, about 0.14 percent of the total members. Founded in 1921, the Party has governed the country for 58 years since 1949, and its current membership totals more than 70 million. Saying that "the task of educating and managing its members has become more arduous than ever before," Hu expressed the confidence in fulfilling the three historical tasks of advancing the modernization drive, achieving national reunification, and safeguarding world peace and promoting common development. |
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26th March 2011, 21:47 |
#2382
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Mania Member
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Urunan satu berita, walaupun bukan soal korupsi, tapi menarik untuk disimak.
Demi China, Shaolin Latih Sepak Bola 26 Maret 2011 Masih ingat film Shaolin Soccer yang dibintangi Stephen Chow pada 2001? Shaolin Soccer menceritakan tentang sekelompok mantan biarawan Shaolin yang mencoba menerapkan tektik kungfu untuk permainan sepak bola. Kini justru Kuil Shaolin yang terkenal di China itu sedang melatih murid kungfu yang masih muda untuk main sepak bola. Harapannya, mereka nanti dapat mengubah nasib tim nasional China. Demikian laporan media setempat. Kuil Shaolin yang terletak di Provinsi Henan di China Tengah dan terkenal karena gerakan akrobatis para biksunya ini membuka pusat pelatihan sepak bola pada Oktober. Pusat itu memiliki lebih dari 40 murid seni bela diri yang mempelajari permainan cantik sepak bola. Demikian diberitakan kantor berita resmi China, Xinhua, baru-baru ini. Shi Yanlu, kepala pelatih di pusat tersebut, mengatakan, disiplin dan etos kungfu dapat diterjemahkan ke dalam sepak bola yang efektif. ”Sepak bola China berada dalam keadaan menyedihkan. Ketika sebagian unsur kungfu Shaolin, terutama semangatnya, dipadukan dalam sepak bola, kami harap itu akan membantu menaikkan tingkat pelatihan sepak bola,” kata Shi Yanlu. ”Koordinasi gerak kaki dan fisik dalam kungfu juga dapat membantu pesebak bola masa depan China,” tambahnya. Tim sepak bola nasional China jadi bahan cemoohan di dalam negeri dan jadi salah satu sumber kesedihan bagi penggemar yang kecewa oleh ketidakmampuan negara dengan penduduk paling padat di dunia itu untuk berprestasi di tingkat dunia. China gagal masuk kualifikasi Piala Dunia 2010. Sepak bola mereka juga tampil buruk di Olimpiade dan baru-baru ini gagal di Piala Asia. Liga China juga dirongrong perjudian dan skandal suap sehingga dua mantan kepala persatuan sepak bola nasional dan sejumlah pejabat rendahnya diciduk polisi. Karena itu, Kuil Shaolin tergerak berprestasi dalam memajukan sepak bola China. Orang muda yang direkrut di pusat pelatihan kuil itu berusia sekitar 10 tahun. ”Mereka akan dilatih oleh Alphonse Tchami, pesebak bola nasional Kamerun yang sudah pensiun,” tulis Xinhua. ”Kuil tersebut berencana menarik lebih banyak orang. Sejauh ini mereka sudah memiliki 2.000 murid yang berlatih di Shaolin,” tambahnya. ----------------------------------------------- Ini berita di XinhuaNews : Shaolin Temple sets up soccer school to bring Kungfu in training 2011-03-23 ZHENGZHOU, central China, March 23 (Xinhua) -- Shaolin Temple, famous for Kungfu in the world, has built a soccer school to groom junior talents with hopes of bringing Shaolin Kungfu in training, the chief coach of Shaolin warrior-monks said Wednesday. The school named Shaolin Youth Soccer Academy was built in a warrior- monks training base which belonged to Shaolin Temple last October. About 2,000 children under ten years old are learning Shaolin Kungfu here, and about 40 of them started to learn playing football now. "It's just the beginning, more children will start to play football after some professional football fields are built, and we believe that some of them will become international superstars some day," Shi Yanlu, the chief coach of Shaolin warrior-monks, told Xinhua on Wednesday. The school has hired a coach named Tchami from Cameroon, who was once a member of the Cameroon national team. "Shaolin Kungfu makes them strong and skillful, so it's good to learn playing football," Tchami said. "Now, the Chinese football is not very good, and needs to bring in new elements. Shaolin Kungfu and football are similar in some aspects, especially the brave and diligent spirit of Kungfu, which I think will help promote the level of Chinese football," said Shi Yanlu. The school got support from the Chinese Football Association, which gave 1,000 balls as gifts half a month ago. "It's a favorable attempt to combine Shaolin Kungfu and football, and we should support it," said Wang Suisheng, vice general manager of Henan Jianye, a Chinese Super League team. The school will choose some children to learn football in foreign countries such as Japan, South Korea and European countries. At the same time, it will also hire some Chinese coaches to help Tchami to train these children. |
27th March 2011, 10:07 |
#2384
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Mania Member
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Quote:
Saya akan mensharingkannya dalam beberapa postingan berikut, semoga bermanfaat. |
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27th March 2011, 10:09 |
#2385
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Mania Member
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China's Efforts to Combat Corruption and Build a Clean Government Information Office of the State Council The People's Republic of China December 2010, Beijing Contents Preface I. Unswervingly Pushing forward the Undertaking of Combating Corruption and Building a Clean Government II. Leadership System and Working Mechanism for Combating Corruption and Building a Clean Government III. Legal Framework for Combating Corruption and Building a Clean Government IV. Power Restraint and Supervisory System V. Prevention of Corruption through System Reform and Institutional Innovation VI. Handling Cases of Corruption in Accordance with Law and Discipline VII. Education in Clean Government and Construction of the Culture of Integrity VIII. International Exchanges and Cooperation in Combating Corruption Conclusion |
27th March 2011, 10:13 |
#2386
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Mania Member
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Full text: China's Efforts to Combat Corruption and Build a Clean Government (1)
Preface Corruption is a socio-historical phenomenon, an inveterate global ailment and an issue of great concern to the general public. It is the firm stance of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the Chinese government to combat corruption and build a clean government. The CPC and the Chinese government have been resolutely combating corruption and building a clean government since the founding of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949. Since the adoption of the reform and opening-up policy some 30 years ago, especially since the beginning of the 21st century, China's social productive forces have been developing at a high speed, with the overall national strength notably increasing and the people's living standards greatly improving. China's international status and influence have been enhanced remarkably, and great achievement has been made in the socialist construction of economy, politics, culture, society and ecological civilization. In combating corruption and building a clean government, China adheres to the principle of addressing both the symptoms and the root causes of corruption, and taking comprehensive measures to rectify both, combining punishment with prevention while focusing on the latter. It has set up a system for corruption punishment and prevention and attached special importance to the rectification of the root causes and prevention of corruption and institutional improvement in combating corruption. It is trying to broaden work areas to prevent corruption at the source and gradually build a long-term mechanism of education for corruption prevention, a system of combating corruption and building a clean government, and a monitoring mechanism over the exercise of power. A new way of combating corruption and building a clean government that conforms to China's national conditions and displays Chinese characteristics has taken shape. So far, China's effort to combat corruption and build a clean government, which is managed systematically and promoted comprehensively, has yielded notable results. In the course of carrying out this work intensively, the interests of the state, the general public and citizens have been effectively protected, the situation for reform, development and stability has been constantly consolidated, and great strides have been made towards a strong, prosperous, democratic, harmonious and culturally advanced modern socialist state. As dramatic changes have been taking place in China's economic system, social structure, the pattern of interests, and people's ideas and concepts, various social contradictions have become increasingly prominent. Since the relevant mechanisms and systems are still incomplete, corruption persists, some cases even involving huge sums of money. Breaches of law and discipline tend to be more covert, intelligent and complicated. The situation in combating corruption is still very serious, and the tasks are still abundant. The CPC and the Chinese government always keep a clear vision of the long-haul, complicated and arduous nature of the undertaking of combating corruption and building a clean government. They will continue to follow the overall plan to establish and perfect the system of punishment and prevention of corruption, resolutely punish and effectively prevent corruption with more resolutions and powerful measures, so as to win the people's confidence with actual achievements in the anti-corruption campaign. |
27th March 2011, 10:15 |
#2387
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Mania Member
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Full text: China's Efforts to Combat Corruption and Build a Clean Government (2)
I. Unswervingly Pushing forward the Undertaking of Combating Corruption and Building a Clean Government Combating corruption and building a clean government is related to China's national development, the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people, social fairness, justice, harmony and stability. It is the consistent stand of the CPC and the Chinese government to resolutely punish and effectively prevent corruption, and endeavor to build a clean government. Shortly after the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, China established state procuratorial organs, government supervisory organs and organs for discipline inspection in the CPC, and promulgated a series of laws and regulations, including the Constitution of the People's Republic of China and Regulations of the People's Republic of China for Suppression of Corruption. The system and mechanism for combating corruption and building a clean government were basically in place. In order to guarantee the purity of the new people's political power, China launched the Three-anti Campaign (anti-corruption, anti-waste and anti-bureaucracy within the Party, government, army and mass organizations) and the Five-anti Campaign (against bribery, tax evasion, theft of state property, cheating on government contracts, and stealing economic information) from the end of 1951 to October 1952. Through these measures, those guilty of bribery and corruption were seriously punished, and a clean, just and lively atmosphere was fostered. In the late 1970s, China began to carry out the reform and opening-up policy. The reform and opening-up is a process of great social reform from a highly-centralized planned economy to a socialist market economy full of vigor, from a closed or semi-closed state to a state fully opened up to the outside world, which greatly liberated and developed the productive forces, and inspired social vigor. In this process corruption arose to some extent. Facing the new tests and challenges, China has implemented the policy of punishing corruption while making efforts to develop the economy, and carried out a series of special campaigns against such serious economic crimes as smuggling, illegal arbitrage of foreign exchange, embezzlement and taking bribes. A number of laws and regulations, including the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China and the Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China, were promulgated, together with the establishment of auditing bodies, thus further improving the system of combating corruption and building a clean government, and exploring new ways and methods of combating corruption under the aegis of the law in the new circumstance of reform and opening-up. In the 1990s, China started to establish the socialist market economic system. Facing rampant corruption arising in the process of system transition, China made the decision to intensify efforts in opposing corruption and established a work pattern in anti-corruption that covered three aspects, i.e., ensuring leading cadres are incorruptible and self-disciplined, investigating and dealing with all breaches of law and discipline, and rectifying malpractices in various trades and departments. It was explicitly stated that both symptoms and root causes of corruption should be addressed, with education as the basis, laws as the guarantee and supervision as the key, and the soil that breeds corruption should be continuously removed through deepening reform. A number of laws and regulations on combating corruption and building a clean government were enacted, thus further improving the anti-corruption system. Anti-corruption and anti-bribery departments, departments dealing with dereliction of duty, malfeasance and infringement of citizens' rights were set up in the procuratorial organs. Many major decisions were made in this regard, including the decision to ban anyone in the army, public security forces or procuratorial, judicial or public security organs to engage in business transactions. Reforms in the structures, mechanisms and systems were carried out regarding administrative examination and approval, financial management, cadre and personnel affairs, etc. In addition, regulations were formulated to make government work, enterprise affairs and village affairs known to the public. The work of combating corruption and building a clean government has embarked on a road that features addressing of both symptoms and root causes of corruption, comprehensive treatment and gradual intensification of efforts to eliminate the root causes. Since the start of the 21st century, China has placed in a more prominent position the work of combating corruption and building a clean government, adopted the principle of addressing both symptoms and root causes of corruption, enforcing comprehensive treatment, giving simultaneous stresses to punishment and prevention while giving priority to prevention, and establishing the national anti-corruption strategy by setting up and perfecting a system of punishment and prevention of corruption to comprehensively promote this undertaking. In work arrangement, stress has been given to strictly investigating and punishing all violations of the law and discipline, earnestly handling problems concerning leading cadres' honesty and self-discipline, resolutely rectifying malpractices that bring damage to the people's interests, enacting and improving laws and systems on combating corruption and building a clean government, and making great efforts in promoting reforms in major areas and key links. The National Bureau of Corruption Prevention of China has been established to take overall responsibility for the anti-corruption work in all aspects. Efforts are being made to raise the ethical standards of citizens and foster a culture of integrity so as to foster values and concepts upholding integrity among the public. Such values are being promoted in rural areas, enterprises, schools, public institutions, and urban communities, and the mechanism of risk prevention and control related to combating corruption is being established. In combating corruption and building a clean government, China is more explicit in direction, clearer in thought, and more effective in measures. On the whole, it shows a good trend of development. After constant explorations in this field, China has gained a better understanding of and accumulated rich experience in combating corruption and building a clean government, which has promoted the country's rapid economic development and social stability. According to a survey by the National Bureau of Statistics of China, from 2003 to 2010, Chinese citizens' rate of satisfaction with the work of combating corruption and building a clean government rose steadily from 51.9% to 70.6%, and the percentage of citizens who thought corruption had been kept down to varying extents increased from 68.1% to 83.8%. Moreover, the efforts China has made in this regard have got positive comments from the international community. |
27th March 2011, 10:18 |
#2388
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Mania Member
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Full text: China's Efforts to Combat Corruption and Build a Clean Government (3)
II. Leadership System and Working Mechanism for Combating Corruption and Building a Clean Government China's leadership system and working mechanism for combating corruption and building a clean government is determined by the systems of the state and government. In the practice of combating corruption and building a clean government over the years, China has put into place a leadership system and a working mechanism with Chinese characteristics, in which Party committees take unified leadership of the work, the Party and government both administer it, discipline inspection commissions of the Party organize and coordinate it, different departments take their due responsibilities related to it, and the masses support and participate in the endeavor. The CPC is the ruling party of China, and thus the effort to combat corruption and build a clean government is under the leadership of the CPC. The Party rules the country in a scientific and democratic manner, and in accordance with the law, and conducts its activities within the framework of the Constitution and laws. Throughout the history of revolution, construction and reform, the Party has always conscientiously made the work of combating corruption and building a clean government a priority task. Particularly since the reform and opening-up policies were introduced, the CPC Central Committee has formulated a series of strategies, principles and policies related to the work. Since 1993 the CPC Central Committee has been making arrangements for the work of combating corruption and building a clean government in the whole Party and country at annual plenary sessions of its Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. The State Council holds a working conference on building a clean government every year to make arrangements in the government system. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council have issued and revised the Provisions on the Responsibility System for Improving the Party's Style of Work and Upholding Integrity, specifying that leading groups and cadres at different levels should do a good job of combating corruption and building a clean government within their scope of duty in line with the principle of "taking responsibility for what he/she takes charge of" and that whoever violates the Provisions should be held accountable. To meet the requirements of the CPC Central Committee, local Party committees and governments incorporate the work of combating corruption and building a clean government into the overall plans of economic and social development, and into various reforms and policies, and arrange, carry out, examine and evaluate it together with the work of reform and development, thus ensuring that the work of combating corruption and building a clean government moves on steadily and effectively. Public support and participation is an important foundation for the success of combating corruption and building a clean government. Social organizations, news media and the broad masses of the people play a significant role in making suggestions and offering advices, participating in supervision, and uncovering corruption. In China, the major functional bodies for combating corruption and building a clean government are the Party's organs for discipline inspection, judicial organs of the state, supervisory and auditing organs of the government, and the National Bureau of Corruption Prevention of China. The Party's commissions for discipline inspection at all levels are special organs for intra-Party oversight set up in accordance with the Constitution of the Communist Party of China, and their members are elected by the Party congresses at the corresponding levels. As major organs for combating corruption and building a clean government, these commissions undertake the following major tasks: Upholding the Constitution and other statutes of the Party; inspecting the implementation of the lines, principles, policies and resolutions of the Party; and assisting the respective Party committees to improve the Party's style of work, and in organizing and coordinating the work against corruption. Their routine work includes providing education for Party members on their duty to observe Party discipline; overseeing the exercise of power by Party members holding leading positions; examining and dealing with cases in violation of Party discipline; dealing with complaints and appeals made by Party members; and guaranteeing the rights of Party members. The Party's Central Commission for Discipline Inspection functions under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Party. The Party's local commissions for discipline inspection at all levels and primary commissions for discipline inspection function under the dual leadership of the Party committees at the corresponding levels and the commissions for discipline inspection at the next higher level. The people's courts and people's procuratorates are both judicial organs of the state set up in accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of China. The former exercise judicial power independently, while the latter exercise procuratorial power independently, neither being subject to interference by administrative organs, public organizations or individuals. As judicial organs of the state, the people's courts try in accordance with the law all criminal cases, including cases of embezzlement, bribery and dereliction of duty considered to involve corruption, make timely and fair court decisions on cases of embezzlement, bribery and dereliction of duty that the procuratorial organs initiate public prosecution, and punish crimes of corruption in accordance with the law. As state organs for legal supervision, the people's procuratorates pursue liabilities of criminal acts, investigate state functionaries suspected of embezzlement and bribery, dereliction of duty, encroachment of right and other duty-related crimes, prevent duty-related crimes, and submit public prosecutions to people's courts on behalf of the state in accordance with the law. The Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate also direct the trial and procuratorial work of corruption cases by means of judicial interpretations. The people's procuratorates and the people's courts offer timely procuratorial and judicial suggestions respectively to departments and organs concerned on major issues relating to duty-related crimes arising in the course of investigation and trial of cases. Supervisory organs of the government are set up in accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of China to exercise the power of supervision. They supervise over law enforcement by and integrity and efficiency of state administrative organs, their staff members and other personnel appointed by these organs, organizations empowered by laws or regulations to administer public affairs and their personnel engaged in public service, and organizations entrusted by state administrative organs in accordance with the law to administer public affairs and their personnel. Auditing organs are supervisory organs through auditing set up in accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of China. They supervise through auditing in accordance with the law the revenues and expenditures of all departments under the State Council and of local governments at all levels, and those of the state financial and monetary organizations and of state-owned enterprises and public institutions. China has also put into place a system of economic accountability auditing to supervise major leaders of state organs and other organs to be audited in accordance with the law. The National Bureau of Corruption Prevention of China is an organ that the Chinese government has specially set up to take overall responsibility for the work of corruption prevention. Its major responsibilities are to organize and coordinate the national work of corruption prevention, make overall plans in this regard, formulate relevant policies, examine and direct the work, coordinate and direct the work of corruption prevention in enterprises, public institutions, social groups, intermediate agencies and other social organizations, and take charge of international cooperation and technical assistance in this regard. |
27th March 2011, 10:20 |
#2389
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Mania Member
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Full text: China's Efforts to Combat Corruption and Build a Clean Government (4)
( Lanjutan ) II. Leadership System and Working Mechanism for Combating Corruption and Building a Clean Government Public security organs, financial institutions and other relevant departments and organizations also undertake the work of combating corruption and building a clean government within the scope of their duties and in accordance with the law. In the work of combating corruption and building a clean government, the above organizations with different functions are independent in performing their duties and, at the same time, coordinate and collaborate with one another. The Party's commissions for discipline inspection take disciplinary measures against Party members who violate Party discipline, after making investigations and collecting evidence. For those suspected of crimes, the commissions transfer them to judicial organs. Supervisory organs of the state administer punishment to those violating government discipline, and transfer those suspected of having committed crimes to judicial organs. Public security organs, auditing organs and administrative law-enforcement organs transfer those who violate laws or Party or government discipline to judicial organs, the Party's commissions for discipline inspection, or the supervisory organs of the state, depending on the specific circumstances. The people's courts and people's procuratorates transfer to the Party's commissions for discipline inspection or the supervisory organs of the state evidence and materials related to violation of Party or government discipline found in their work. These organs in China shoulder such important responsibilities as combating corruption and building a clean government, and safeguarding social fairness and justice. In recent years, these organs have taken strict measures to improve the requirement standards, education, management and supervision of personnel for law and discipline enforcement. To be specific, by strengthening internal management and enactment of rules, the mechanism of restraint and supervision has been improved, and personnel for law and discipline enforcement have been urged to use their power impartially and be strict with themselves. By promoting the principle of transparency in power exercise and the system of supervisors for building a clean government, the personnel for law and discipline enforcement have been encouraged to foster the sense of conscientious acceptance of supervision from all quarters, so as to constantly improve their capabilities and levels in law and discipline enforcement, thus providing the organizational guarantee for China's endeavor to combat corruption and build a clean government. |
27th March 2011, 10:22 |
#2390
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Mania Member
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Full text: China's Efforts to Combat Corruption and Build a Clean Government (5)
III. Legal Framework for Combating Corruption and Building a Clean Government China adheres to the rule of law as a fundamental principle, attaches importance to the regulating and safeguarding role of laws and regulations, and continuously promotes legalization and standardization in the fight against corruption and the building of a clean government. Based on the Constitution of China, a series of laws and regulations have been enacted for combating corruption and building a clean government, and based on the Constitution of the CPC, a series of intra-Party rules and regulations have been worked out, thus gradually establishing a legal framework for combating corruption and building a clean government with scientific contents, rigorous procedures, well-matched regulations and effective administration. In order to ensure that leading cadres work in a clean and honest way, the CPC has issued a series of codes of conduct and ethical rules for Party members who hold leading positions, and is building and improving a system to prevent conflicts of interest. The Guidelines of the Communist Party of China for Party-member Leading Cadres to Perform Official Duties with Integrity, released for trial implementation in 1997 and for implementation after revision in 2010, clearly prohibit Party-member leading cadres engaging in profit-making activities and seeking illegitimate gains by taking advantage of their positions and power in violation of the established rules. The Guidelines have provided relatively comprehensive regulations on Party-member leading cadres in performing their official duties with integrity under the conditions of the socialist market economy, and have thus become the basic intra-Party rules regulating the behavior of Party-member leading cadres. In view of the new situation and problems arising in power-for-money cases, the CPC promulgated the Regulations of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China on the Strict Prohibition of Seeking Illegitimate Gains by Misuse of Office in 2007, specifying methods of handling eight types of misconduct of Party-member cadres, including abuse of power for personal gain, which might appear during economic and social interactions. The Regulations on the Executives of State-owned Enterprises for Performing Management Duties with Integrity (Trial) released in 2009 clearly prohibit leading officials of state-owned enterprises from seeking profit through misuse of office for either themselves or any related parties and undermining the interests of the enterprises. To regulate leading cadres' performance of official duties with integrity, a number of regulations have been promulgated, including the Regulations on Implementing the System of Registration for Gifts Received in Domestic Social Activities by Functionaries of Party and State Organs, which clearly demand that the functionaries of Party and state organs must not accept any gifts or grants that might influence their impartial performance of official duties; the Regulations on Leading Cadres' Report of Relevant Personal Matters, which requires leading cadres to honestly report their incomes, housing and investment owned or made either by themselves or together with their spouses and children living with them, as well as the employment status of their spouses and children; and the Interim Regulations on Strengthening Management of State Functionaries Whose Spouses and Children Have Emigrated Abroad. These regulations play an important role in safeguarding the national interests and in the management of Party members and state functionaries in accordance with the law, as well as in enhancing the sense of leading cadres in performing their official duties with integrity. To ensure the proper exercise of public power, China has enacted a series of laws and regulations to strengthen restraint and supervision over the exercise of power by leading cadres. The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Supervision of Standing Committees of People's Congresses at All Levels enacted in 2007 strengthened the supervisory role of those committees in the form of law over the administrative, judicial and procuratorial powers of the people's governments, people's courts and people's procuratorates at corresponding levels. Also enacted are the Law of the People's Republic of China on Administrative Supervision, Audit Law of the People's Republic of China, Administrative Reconsideration Law of the People's Republic of China, Administrative Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China to establish the systems of administrative supervision, audit supervision, administrative reconsideration and administrative procedure to strengthen supervision over the administrative organs and their staff. The CPC Central Committee formulated the Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Intra-Party Supervision (Trial), Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Inspection Work (Trial), Interim Measures on Conducting Admonition Talks and Written Inquiries with Party-member Leading Cadres, and Interim Regulations on Report by Party-member Leading Cadres on Their Work and Integrity, institutionalizing and improving various aspects of intra-Party supervision. To crack down on corruption in line with law and discipline, China has been enacting and continuously improving substantive laws and regulations that punish violations of law and discipline, including criminal punishment, Party discipline and administrative discipline. In the case of criminal punishment, by formulating and revising the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China, the liabilities of corruption-related crimes, such as embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty, holding a huge amount of property with an unidentified source, have been defined. The Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate have worked out relevant judicial interpretations for the law, making them an important legal basis for punishing crimes of corruption. In the case of Party discipline, the CPC promulgated the Regulations on Disciplinary Sanctions of the Communist Party of China and supporting provisions, which clearly define conducts of Party members that go against the Party's stipulations for clean government and self-discipline, embezzlement and bribery, as well as acts in violation of financial and economic discipline, and prescribe five measures for enforcing Party discipline: explicit warning, stern warning, removal from post within the Party, probation within the Party and expulsion from the Party. In the case of administrative discipline, the state has promulgated the Regulations on the Punishment of Civil Servants in Administrative Organs, which specify the principles, power limit, the types of misconduct and the punishment standards, including explicit warning, recording of demerit, recording of major demerit, demotion, dismissal from post and discharge from office. China attaches great importance to enacting and improving procedural laws to guarantee the enforcement of the aforementioned substantive laws and regulations. The Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China, Criminal Procedure of the People's Procuratorates and Measures of Supervisory Organs for the Investigation and Handling of Administrative Disciplinary Cases by the state legislature, judicial authorities and relevant organs, as well as the regulations enacted by the CPC, including the Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Inspection Work of Disciplinary Inspection Organs, provide a legal basis for the acceptance, investigation, trial and appeal work in respect of criminal and discipline-breaching cases, and have established systems of witness and reporter protection, case transfer and coordination, as well as the system of the protection of the rights of the defendants and those being sanctioned. In addition, China has enacted a series of laws and regulations closely related to corruption prevention. The Administrative License Law of the People's Republic of China regulates the establishment and implementation of administrative licenses, and guarantees and supervises the effective administration of administrative organs. The Civil Servant Law of the People's Republic of China regulates the management of civil servants and strengthens supervision over civil servants, so as to make them diligent and honest in performing their official duties. The Government Procurement Law of the People's Republic of China, Anti-monopoly Law of the People's Republic of China and Bidding Law of the People's Republic of China regulate administrative discretion and give play to the market's fundamental role in allocation of resources so as to effectively prevent corruption. The Judges Law of the People's Republic of China, Procurators Law of the People's Republic of China and People's Police Law of the People's Republic of China clearly stipulate the qualifications, administration and supervision of judicial officers, and fortify the requirement of law enforcement with integrity. In accordance with the Constitution and state laws, the various localities and departments have also enacted and issued their own local and departmental regulations to combat corruption, thereby improving the legal framework for combating corruption and building a clean government in China. To further develop and improve the legal framework for combating corruption and building a clean government, China will attach greater importance to the implementation of laws and regulations, while enacting new laws and regulations and amending existing ones in this regard in accordance with the changing situations in the future. |
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