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19th September 2011, 22:19 |
#2902
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China bener-bener deh China launches new communication satellite 2011-09-19 Zhongxing-1A, the satellite, carried by a Long March-3B rocket carrier, blasts off from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in the southwestern Sichuan Province, China, Sept. 19, 2011. China has successfully launched a new communication satellite, Zhongxing-1A, from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center of Sichuan Province on 0:33 am. The satellite will be capable of providing communication, broadcasting and data transmission services for users in regions of China.
Spoiler
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20th September 2011, 20:04 |
#2903
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Mania Member
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Soale wilayah Indonesia ini unik, disaat wilayah barat Kekeringan dan kebakaran, di wilayah timur justru hujan dan banjir2............ Begitupula sebaliknya. Keliatannya musim hujan dan kemarau di wilayah Timur dan Barat berbeda............ |
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20th September 2011, 21:48 |
#2904
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Mania Member
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Jika di depan kita sudah melihat, bagaimana China berusaha menghijaukan dan menghutankan padang gurun, maka berita yang berikut memberikan gambaran usaha mereka untuk "mengairi" padang gurun (Mongolia) dengan "penyulingan air laut". Panjang pipa saluran yang diperlukan adalah 600 km (sbg pembanding, jarak Jakarta - Yogyakarta via Semarang = 534 km). Dan sudah tentu "saluran pipa" tsb harus "tertutup", karena jika tidak tertutup maka airnya sudah habis menguap sebelum mencapai tujuannya. Mungkin China bermimpi bisa memiliki perkampungan yang hijau di tengah padang gurun : ----------------------------- Seawater to be piped to hinterland March 07, 2007 A plan to combat the "Big Dry" in Inner Mongolia is under way. It involves a 600-kilometer pipeline, seawater and a desalination plant. The Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, has proposed a pipe to channel seawater from Huludao, Liaoning Province, to Xilinhot in the league to help combat desertification and support its booming coal mine industry. You Ren, vice-chairman of the Standing Committee of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Congress confirmed the plan yesterday. "The whole north area in the country is facing serious water shortage," You said. Storms blown from the league every spring and autumn dump sand in cities as far away as Beijing and Tianjin. The Xilin Gol League is the major source of Beijing's sandstorms. According to the plan, the 600-kilometer pipe, made of toughened glass, will be built at Xingcheng, Huludao, across cities including Chaoyang, Liaoning Province, to Xilinhot. A desalination plant capable of treating 1 million tons of seawater a day will be built in the Inner Mongolia end. The region's farming industry is under threat from desertification, where about 60 percent of the earth lacks grass. Planners have been considering the pipeline for the last two years. Last October experts and officials lobbied for the plan at discussions held in Beijing. In January this year, experts from Chinese Society of Oceanography, studied the feasibility of the project and agreed that it met the nation's sustainable development guidelines. The Xilin Gol League wants some of the water for its brown coal industry, which suffers from a shortage of water needed for production. But it could still be a while before the plan is implemented, if at all. A plan in the 1950s to channel water from China's south area to the north is still under construction. |
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20th September 2011, 22:13 |
#2905
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Mania Member
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"membangun saluran air dari wilayah yang berkecukupan air ke wilayah yang kekurangan"
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"Membangun saluran air" tersebut bukan proyek baru kok, sudah lama direncanakan dan sudah dimulai proses pembangunannya. Hanya saja, memang China sangat-sangat serius dalam menangani pembangunan infrastruktur, termasuk di dalamnya pembangunan "saluran air" tersebut. Dan satu lagi, mereka melakukannya secara berkesinambungan, dan satu demi satu mereka wujudkan rencana di atas kertas menjadi kenyataan. China's South-to-North Water Diversion Plan Approved by Experts November 24, 2001 Chinese experts have approved the country's ambitious south-to-north water diversion plan, paying the way for the start of the construction work as early as next year. Chinese experts have approved the country's ambitious south-to-north water diversion plan, paying the way for the start of the construction work as early as next year. The experts gave their nod to the eastern part of the project at a meeting Friday. The plans for the western and central parts of the project received their go-ahead earlier. Zhang Jiyao,vice-minister of water resources, said on the occasion that preparations for the project are now in full swing, while the preliminary designs for the eastern and central parts are being finalized, thereby removing the technical obstacles to the starting of the project next year. According to Zhang, his ministry has already finished the general plan for the diversion project,and is applying the final adjustments and revisions to it. The south-to-north diversion project will divert the rich waterresources in the Yangtze River valley to China's thirsty northern parts. The feasibility of the project has been under study for the past five decades. China's Water Diversion Project Not Easy: Official A Chinese official said that the country's south to north water diversion project will be the most difficult one of its kind in the world. The project's west line will divert water from rivers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the Yellow River valley, and geological and meteorological conditions there are severe. A Chinese official said that the country's south to north water diversion project will be the most difficult one of its kind in the world. Li Guoying, director of the Yellow River Water Resources Committee, said that the project aiming to ease water shortages in northern China will be completed in the coming 10 years. "The project's west line will divert water from rivers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the Yellow River valley, and geological and meteorological conditions there are severe," he said. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is 3,000 to 4,500 meters above sea level. Li said the lack of oxygen will be a headache for the workers. In the first phase, the water from five tributaries of the Yangtse River will be transferred via a 3,600-kilometer canal to the Yellow River, benefiting six drought-hit northwest provinces and regions. Li said China has been working for 50 years on the feasibility of the project, which is the biggest one of its kind in the world. Some 20 countries in the world have so far carried out water diversion projects. |
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20th September 2011, 22:20 |
#2906
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Mania Member
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South-North Water Diversion Project to Benefit 300 Million Chinese
December 26, 2001 The Chinese government has unveiled the ambitious south-to-north water diversion project to balance the nation's water supply. Once it is completed in five to ten years, about 38 billion to 48 billion cubic meters of water will be transferred yearly to the areas with a population of 300 million. Ambitious project The Chinese government has unveiled the ambitious south-to-north water diversion project to balance the nation's water supply. The project, a result of 50 years of investigation and research, aims to divert water from the Yangtze River valley to the reaches of Yellow River, Huaihe River and Haihe River so as to ensure the water supply for farming, industry and life there. Estimated to cost more than 100 billion yuan (12 billion U.S. dollars), the project will have three water diversion routes, namely the east route, middle route and west route. Once it is completed in five to ten years, about 38 billion to 48 billion cubic meters of water will be transferred yearly to the areas with a population of 300 million. Serious water shortage in north China The once torrential Yellow River was the inspiration of poets hundreds of years ago, but now it has turned into little more than a stream in sections near Zhengzhou, capital of central China's Henan province. In neighboring Hebei province, once watery lakes are covered with withered weeds. North China has long been a populous area and an industrial and agricultural base. As industrial and agricultural production develops and population increases, the per capita water resources in the region keep falling. Statistics indicate that the river-to-land ratio in north China is no more than 0.35 percent, down drastically from five percent half century ago. Over 5,000 hectares of arable fields in Beijing have been deserted because of lack of water, and about 2.53 million hectares of farmland in Henan and Hebei are suffering from drought. Liu Zhenbang, a scholar experienced in water projects, said that many areas in north China have to exploit groundwater excessively due to serious water shortage. "It's a vicious circle," he said. Tianjin, a port city neighboring Beijing, has reported that two meters of land subsidence have been caused by over-exploitation of underground water in recent years, the fastest rate in the world. Borrow water from the south In 1952, late Chinese leader Mao Zedong said during an inspection tour to the Yellow River, "The north of China needs water and the south has plenty; if possible, the north may borrow some water from the south." Two decades later, the Danjiangkou reservoir was built on the Hanjiang River, the longest branch of the Yangtze, laying a solid foundation for the water diversion project. In 1992, President Jiang Zemin required the government to give full priority to the water diversion, demanding careful preparation and concern for the project, which he views as an integral part of the nation's overall development strategy. Wen Fubo, a member with the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said that according to the design for the middle route, scientists will increase the height of the dam at the Danjiangkou reservoir, which enables the water automatically to flow to Beijing, Tianjin and other areas in north China through special channels. In the east route, water will be transferred from the lower reaches of the Yangtze to aid Shandong province and the northern part of Jiangsu province. In the west route, about six provinces in northwest China will get water from the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze. After completion, the project will relieve water shortages in over ten provinces in north and northwest China, affecting about 300 million people, said experts from the Yangtze River Water Resources Committee. The middle route will also bring north China economic benefit of about 80 billion yuan (9.6 billion U.S. dollars) a year, according to experts. |
20th September 2011, 22:37 |
#2907
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Mania Member
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"South-to-north water diversion project" tersebut memang sebuah megaproyek yang tidak mudah diselesaikan,
dan memerlukan dana yang aduhai jumlahnya. Berikut ini perkembangan beritanya pada tahun 2009 : China earmarks 53.87b yuan for water diversion project 2009-05-23 China earmarked 53.87 billion yuan ($7.92 billion) for the country's huge south-to-north water diversion project as of the end of April, head of the project office Zhang Jiyao said Saturday. The figure was 8.2 billion yuan more than the end-of-November figure of 45.67 billion yuan, the last time when such figure was announced. China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project is designed to divert water from the water-rich south of the country, mainly the Yangtze, or the country's longest river, up to the dry north. The earmarked money is from budgeted spending from the central government, at 15.42 billion yuan, special funds in treasury bonds from the central budget, at 10.65 billion yuan, funds of local governments, at 7.99 billion yuan, and loans, at 19.81 billion yuan. Zhang said several key projects along the eastern route have been completed. The Danjiangkou Dam in central China's Hubei Province, the source of diverted water along the central route, is still under construction. The huge water diversion project consists of eastern, central and western routes. The eastern and central routes are already under construction, while the western route, meant to replenish the Yellow River with water from the upper reaches of the Yangtze through tunnels in the high mountains of western China, is still at the planning stage. China's State Council has allowed an investment of up to 254.6 billion yuan for the phase-one projects along the eastern and middle routes. Zhang said 30.48 billion yuan, part of the earmarked 53.87 billion yuan, had been spent, with 5.66 billion yuan on the eastern route and 24.82 billion yuan on the middle route. A 225-kilometer canal linking Shijiazhuang City of Hebei Province to Beijing has started pumping water into the capital as of September 28 to ease the city's water shortage. The canal is designed to divert up to 300 million cubic meters of water annually. It has so far pumped 190 million cubic meters of water into Beijing as of May 6. Construction on the eastern route began in December 2002, and on the central route in December 2003. The eastern route is expected to be ready for water diversion to Jiangsu and Shandong provinces in 2013, and the central route would be ready to pump water into Beijing in 2014, according to latest estimation of the project office. |
20th September 2011, 22:41 |
#2908
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Mania Member
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China builds world's longest water diversion tunnel
2009-04-16 Construction teams digging the world's longest water diversion tunnel completed their work Wednesday in northeast China's Liaoning Province, breaking a record held by Japan. The 85.3-km-long tunnel has a diameter of eight meters. It starts in Hengren county in east Liaoning and ends in Xinbin county in the west part of the province. The tunnel runs across 50 hills, 50 rivers and 29 fault lines on its path, according to Zou Guangqi, technical chief for construction of the tunnel. Construction began in September 2006. Zhou said it will take several more months for workers to seal the interior of the tunnel with concrete before it is put into service at the end of this year. Shi Huiyun, chief of the Liaoning Provincial Water Resources Bureau, said the tunnel will bring water from the Dahuofang Reservoir to more than 10 million people in seven industrial cities - Shenyang, Fushun, Liaoyang, Anshan, Panjin, Yingkou and Dalian. The dregs produced in digging the tunnel were used for building roads and river embankment, to ensure minimum impact on the environment, said Zou. The entire projects cost 10.3 billion yuan ($1.52 billion), of which, 5.2 billion yuan was set aside for tunnel construction, he said. The previous world record holder was Japan's Seikan (Aomori-Hakodate) tunnel, which is 53.86 km long. |
20th September 2011, 22:50 |
#2909
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Mania Member
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Ini perkembangan dari proyek tersebut; berita tahun 2010.
Water project alters flow of life along its route 2010-03-04 Pollution poses the biggest threat to the success of nation's historic water diversion project, Qian Yanfeng reports from Jiangsu. When Wu Huasheng was told that after 2013 he would be unable to continue fishing the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, something he has done for four decades, he was philosophical. "It is for the greater good. I'm willing to make the sacrifice," he said. The 52-year-old is one of thousands of fishermen along the waterway who must find a new way of life once the historic South-to-North Water Diversion Project becomes operational in three years. Part of the project's eastern section, the canal is one of three routes that will channel water from the Yangtze River to the parched cities of the north. Studies show that the rapid currents this will create will make it technically impossible to catch fish. "If it means better quality drinking water in North China, as well as improvements in the environment for residents along the canal, then it's worth it," said Wu, who lives by the canal in Jiangdu. Although he will receive compensation - the sum is yet to be decided - from the local maritime authorities, the fisherman still has no idea how he will make a living after 2013. One thing he is sure of is that he is unlikely to find another stretch of water as good as the canal. "The water quality in this section of the canal is good but the other rivers and lakes are seriously polluted, just like in other parts of China," he said. Unlike the central route of the SNWD project, which runs from the Danjiangkou Reservoir in Hubei province to Beijing and requires the resettlement of millions of people, the eastern route involves few relocation issues. It does, however, raise some daunting environmental concerns. The eastern route runs through major industrial regions, including Jiangsu and Shandong, where rivers and lakes are far more polluted than in Central and Western China after two decades of rapid GDP growth, and officials believe pollution control is fundamental to the success of the project. When work on the route began in 2002, residents along the ancient canal were promised grand initiatives aimed at cleaning up nearby lakes and waterways. So far, progress has been slow going. To ensure clean, safe drinking water for people in the north, the central government pledged to spend 44 percent of its 32-billion-yuan ($4.6 billion) investment in the first phase of the eastern route on curbing pollution. Yet after seven years of efforts, during which thousands of factories have been shut down and tons of wastewater has been treated instead of discharged into the canal, pollution remains a massive challenge. Water at only half of the canal's cross-sections met the approved quality standards when tested last October, according to figures released by the SNWD Project Office. In the original plans, the 118-million-yuan eastern route was scheduled to open in 2007. Several media reports have blamed the delays on water quality problems and soaring costs. However, residents told China Daily that the situation is getting worse, not better. Teng Weimin lives in Dinggou town beside Sanyang River, an auxiliary channel for the eastern route that flows into the Grand Canal. He said his town, which comes under the administration of Jiangdu, does not have a single sewage disposal facility, meaning residents simply throw their wastewater into a huge drainage ditch. Although separated from the river by a floodgate, the ditch, he said, often spills over in heavy rainfall and contaminates the waterway. "The ditch water has grown very dark over the years and you can see solid waste floating on the surface. Even during the cold winter months, the rotten stench still hangs in the air," said the 30-something resident. To make matters worse, in recent years a cluster of chemical plants has opened in the town. Residents complain the factories have seriously polluted the waterways and are threatening lives. "Sanyang River has become undrinkable over the years and now we even cannot have clean underground drinking water. That's been polluted, too. It has a very strange smell," said Teng. For years, he and his neighbors had hoped the SNWD project would bring an improvement to their local environment, he said. "We used to think of the project as a catalyst for environmental improvement but it seems that it is much talk without action. The authorities must have known the rivers and lakes connected to the Grand Canal would pose pollution threats." Construction of wastewater treatment facilities serving 60 percent of Jiangdu's 13 townships should have been completed by 2007 in the original plans, according to Wang Minzhi, publicity officer for the municipal environmental protection bureau. So far, only three have been finished and another five are still being built. He blamed the delays on a lack of funding. "It is very difficult for projects like that to get funding from higher authorities. They are busy constructing pumping stations to meet schedules rather than building wastewater treatment facilities," he said. Sun Jiang, an official for the environmental protection bureau of Yangzhou, is responsible for the design and implementation of ecological rehabilitation projects in the water conservation area between Yangzhou and Jiangdu. He said his work is vital to ensure the long-term improvement of the local environment and water quality. "Environmental protection efforts along the eastern route have fallen short of public expectation because most of the funds have been used for water diversion projects instead of pollution control," he said. Even government funding for activities like re-vegetating the conservation area, and controlling the use of fertilizers and pesticides by farmers, has been hard to come by, said Sun. By the end of 2007, the Yangzhou bureau had received just 20 percent of the 500 million yuan provincial authorities pledged to invest in anti-pollution projects. Since then, they have not received another penny, he said. Tests show that the Jiangdu section of the 1,000-km Grand Canal has the best water quality. However, the rapid population growth and economic development of nearby townships and villages is bringing more pollution and producing greater environmental hazards, said Wang. "Unlike urban industrial pollution that is easy to track and control, contamination in the rural areas is more difficult to prevent - and it is rising very quickly," he warned. Teng agreed and said the population of his native Dinggou has risen at a startling rate, while the waste being produced has almost doubled in the last decade. One of the contributing factors, he said, is the success of the local middle school, which, thanks to its good reputation, has attracted large numbers of migrants looking for a better education for their children. Factories, including high-polluting chemical plants, have also sprung up around the town as the authorities encouraged their development to generate more tax revenue, he said. One boss of one chemical company just 50 m away from his home is "so close" with the authorities that no one has been able to shut it down, he claimed. "While it's easy to drive away factories in cities, it's hard to do that in rural areas. The environmental standards here are lax and more and more companies are moving in because of that," said Teng. ( bersambung ke postingan di bawah ) |
20th September 2011, 22:51 |
#2910
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Mania Member
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( sambungan dari postingan di atas)
He Dejin, a researcher with the water resources protection bureau for the Huaihe River Basin, co-drafted a report on the environmental impact of the first-phase of the eastern route in 2002. He suggested authorities should update their plans for the SNWD project to better cope with China's problems. "Environmental protection along the eastern route has been dissatisfactory largely because the SNWD plan was made about a decade ago. Now there are new pollution sources that are not being addressed," he said. Industrial pollution and domestic sewage in townships have grown quickly in the last 10 years, matching the country's rapidly expanding economy. He said neither of these issues was adequately addressed in the pollution control plan drafted in 2001. "Constructing wastewater treatment facilities in townships, for example, was not included in the budget. These have become critical to pollution control initiatives in relatively developed regions," said He. "Local governments should realize it is not enough just to follow the plan. It's more scientific to implement SNWD-related activities in line with the local pollution control needs. Only in this way will the SNWD project really bring benefits to people along the eastern route. "Constructing wastewater treatment facilities should be placed under local governments even without funding from higher authorities. There has been too much finger-pointing between different government levels." Because the rush for GDP growth still tops the agenda for local officials, pollution control is becoming an increasingly difficult task, he said. Further north along the canal is Gengche town, where several hundred plastic processing factories discharge tons of detergent-rich wastewater directly into inlets of Luoma Lake, a key water storage lake for the eastern route. People here have to dig as deep as 300 m to find clean drinking water after the plants contaminated their underground sources, said resident Xu Xiangdong, in his 60s. A decade ago, they only had to dig 30 m. However, Xu is shrewd enough to know shutting down the factories is not the perfect solution. "We need those factories. Plastic processing has developed into the pillar industry of our town and that means jobs for us," he said. Lu Xuanzhuang, a 16-year-old boy in nearby Shaji town, where the Xuhong River serves as another auxiliary channel for the SNWD project, said he does not see any benefit in divesting large tracts of farmland to build a new industrial park. More than 10 factories, including chemical and clothing plants, have opened since its construction and all pump wastewater straight into waterways connected to the river. "I don't think those factories have brought anything other than pollution," he said. "Despite the job opportunities they offer, my parents are still unwilling to come back from the big cities where they can earn more." While authorities attempt to build comparatively centralized treatment facilities in sprawling townships and villages, officials are also urging farmers to use less pesticides and fertilizers, said publicity officer Wang. However, changing the ingrained rural mindset will be no easy task, warned Wang Dezheng, a 62-year-old farmer in Daqiao town, which falls under Jiangdu's administration and sits on the upper reaches of the eastern route's water intake. He said most people in the countryside lack education and strongly believe that "the more pesticides they use, the better". Algae fed by the fertilizers have already starved the oxygen from most of the waterways around Daqiao, causing a major depletion in the number of fish, said the farmer, who spends his spare time studying the environmental impact of agricultural products. "The government needs to actively educate people, not just encourage them," he said. Wang at the Jiangdu environmental protection bureau added that identical chemical industrial parks built along the Yangtze River over the last two decades, such as in the provincial capital Nanjing, as well as Yizheng and Yangzhou, pose a real threat to the eastern route of the SNWD project. Hou Yizhong, an official with the Yizheng environment protection bureau, hit the headlines last May for his calls to have the Yangzhou Chemical Industry Park relocated. He spent years arguing that the potential environmental hazards were "obvious". "The common problem with China's pollution control initiatives is there are always loopholes in project implementation despite strict laws and rules," said Huaihe River protection officer He Dejin. "Local governments need to strengthen management and supervision and find a way to address environmental issues comprehensively." |
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